The Correlation Between Personal Responsibility and College Success Essay Example

The Correlation Between Personal Responsibility and College Success Essay The correlation between personal responsibility and college success Roland Miner GEN/200 November 30, 2012 Sara Martin The correlation between personal responsibility and college success Even though some may say there is no direct correlation between personal responsibility and college success, the relationship with how responsible you are and how that affects your college success becomes evident with higher Grade Point Averages and overall pride in your work. With these tools, high GPA, intrinsic motivation, and self-efficacy, you receive during your college years there is evidence of achieving greater success after graduation. Another vital tool that will be explored, that is not being taught but comes naturally to some students, is emotional intelligence or common sense. The relationship between how responsible you are and your college success is apparent in many ways. A good strategy is to follow the syllabus and set up a game plan or schedule. Following an agenda will help you spread out your work load over the week, it will show that you are on the right track and is a great indicator of how responsible you are. One of the worst traits that many people possess is procrastination. According to â€Å"California Polytechnic State University, Cal Poly Academic Skill Center† (n. d. ) â€Å"The procrastinator is often remarkably optimistic about his ability to complete a task on a tight deadline; this is usually accompanied by expressions of reassurance that everything is under control. (Therefore there is no need to start. )† â€Å"At some point, he crosses over an imaginary starting time and suddenly realizes, â€Å"Oh no! – I am not in control! There isn’t enough time! (Characteristics) The University states, later in their paper, the benefits of overcoming procrastination â€Å"Peace of mind, a feeling of strength and purpose, and healthy feeling of being in charge of your life. While procrastination makes you feel week, useless, and helpless, taking charge of your life will make you feel strong, competent, and capable. You will experience increased personal free dom! † (Benefits of overcoming procrastination) A responsible person will not wait until the day the paper is due to write it. The final day should be set up for proof eading and any last minute tweaks. As any responsible person will tell you, following a schedule and turning your work in on time and producing higher grades will bring you an overabundance of self-pride other wise know as intrinsic motivation, and self-efficacy. Spitzer found that (2000) â€Å"Academic self-efficacy is one’s confidence to succeed at the academic tasks rather than one’s actual ability. Students with high self-efficacy show greater cognitive effort, intrinsic motivation, persistence, and self regulation in their academic performance. The pride you feel knowing that you did the best job you could in the time you were allotted. This very same drive to internal satisfaction that will continue not just throughout your college years but will stay with you in all that you do. Intrinsic m otivation and self-efficacy are not the only rewards you will gain. By taking your time and producing outstanding work you will see a substantial increase in your Grade Point Average which is also your defining mark of greatness in college and beyond. â€Å"All college students share at least two goals during their college career. We will write a custom essay sample on The Correlation Between Personal Responsibility and College Success specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Correlation Between Personal Responsibility and College Success specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Correlation Between Personal Responsibility and College Success specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer First, they must perform academically, usually measured by GPA (grade point average). Second, they must progress in career development. † (Spitzer, 2000) Your GPA will stay with you throughout your college career and is important to keep track of and strive for higher marks. It is after you graduate that your higher achievements will continue to count. Many employers will take you GPA into consideration when looking for new employees. The job you are applying for may come down to you and one other person and something like a GPA could loose you that career. It will help distinguish you from others applying for positions that you desire. Your high Grade Point Average will set you apart from mediocrity. A final important asset to consider is emotional intelligence. According to a study conducted by Sparkman, Maulding, and Roberts (2012) â€Å"Emotional Intelligence is the set of skills that a Pearson needs to function effectively in the world and what might be referred to as â€Å"common sense† (p. 644). Their study with EI, although very new and controversial, points to ow well an individual will â€Å"handle frustration, control emotions, and get along with other people† (p. 644). There is a wildly popular television show that is currently broadcasting which shows a group of twenty to thirty something year old nerds trying to function in the typical day to day environment. They are depicted in what we would call normal day to day functions and interactions and shown how even though they are the Einstein’s of our ti me they fail miserable on a social level. One of the nerds in particular lacks the emotional intelligence to even function with his own fellow intellectuals. Studying this comedic group flounder their way through life is a perfect, all be it extreme, example of Sparkman, Maulding, and Roberts points on how important common sense is a must to function in today’s society. They even go so far as to suggest that â€Å"Universities wishing to increase student retention and graduation should use these scores to develop curriculum and extracurricular activities to encourage student growth in emotional intelligence which will specifically help students and institutions alike reach their educational goals† (p. 50). To be a successful student there are many tools for you to use, intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, GPA, and even emotional intelligence, just to name a few. Each student will have to find what tool it will take to enhance their achievements. There are those they may disagree, they may say that being responsible has no correlation to a successful college education. They may even say that your Grade Point Average has no im pact on landing a stable career. Zupek (2008) â€Å"While grades and GPA play a small role in the job-search process, the good news is that chances are, your GPA is not going to make or break you when it comes to getting a job† (what matters the most? ). With this economy and in these times why run that risk? Why would you not want to give your all? With a higher Grade Point Averages and a greater sense of self-pride there is no end to what you can accomplish. References California Polytechnic State University, Cal Poly Academic Skills Center. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://sas. calpoly. edu/asc/ssl/procrastination. html Sparkman, L. A. , Maulding, W. S. , Roberts, J. G. (2012). Non-cognitive predictors of student success in college. College Student Journal, 46(3), 642-652. Retrieved from University of Phoenix Online Library Spitzer, T. M. (2000). Predictors of college success: a comparison of traditional and nontraditional age students. NASPA Journal (National Association Of Student Personnel Administrators, Inc. ), 38(1), 82-99. Zupek, R. (2008) Does your gpa matter to employers? Retrieved from http://msn. careerbuilder. com/Article/MSN-1577-College-Internships-First-Jobs-Does-Your-GPA-Matter-to-Employers/

Social Media Insights How to Drill Into Data to Find Actionable Ideas

Social Media Insights How to Drill Into Data to Find Actionable Ideas Having the right data is important for social media success. However, even the best data in the world is useless if you dont know what it all means. In order to unlock the power of your analytics, you need to know how to extract useful social media insights from them. In this post, you’ll learn how to: How to interpret the data you’ve found and get actual meaning from it. How to explain the numbers and more to a client or team. How to update your social media tactics based on the insights you’ve found. By the time youre done, youll know how to better analyze the performance of your social media content, and understand how to create more of what works. What Are Social Media Insights (And Why Do They Matter)? The term social media insights can mean different things to different people. For our purposes, though, well define social media insights as the actionable takeaways you produce from analyzing your social media data. In this post, well walk through a retroactive process thatll allow you to analyze past content, figure out what made it successful (or not), and better understand what to do (or not do) in the future. Get it right, and youll be able to fine-tune your copy and imagery to best connect with your audience. How to Drill Into Data To Extract Powerful Social Media InsightsBefore You Continue, Download Your Social Media Insight Analysis Template Before you can extract insights from your social media marketing data, it helps to have somewhere to record it all. Thats exactly what you can do with this free template, making it easier to narrow down what, exactly, led each post to perform as well (or maybe even not so well). Start By Finding Your Top-Performing Posts The first part of determining insights into your social media channels involves determining your top posts. Top posts can be found in a number of different ways but it all depends on what the overarching goals of your channels are. For example, if your goal was to drive engagements, you’d be looking for the posts with the most likes, shares, and comments. However, if you’re looking for posts with the most clicks to your website, you’d be tracking link clicks via each social channel’s in-app analytics or an external tool like Google Analytics. Facebook To find the analytics data for your top Facebook posts, go to your business page and select Insights: From there, go to Posts: In your Posts section, scroll down to All Posts Published, and there you’ll be able to see the different metrics for each one of your posts: Twitter To find analytics data for your top Twitter posts, go to your account, click on your profile picture and in the drop-down menu select Analytics: Then in the menu bar, select Tweets: That screen will show you all of the engagement data, and impressions that your tweets have generated for the past 28 days, as well as allowing you to see the top tweets you’ve sent in that time period: Instagram To find the analytics for your Instagram post, click the bar graph in the top right-hand corner of your Instagram profile. Note that you won’t see that bar graph unless you have an Instagram business profile: Once you’re in the Analytics section, scroll down to Posts, and then click on See More: The analytics for your Instagram profile is a bit different because you need to click on each individual post to see its engagement metrics: Pinterest To find the analytics for your Pinterest pins, you’re once again going to need a Pinterest business account. Once that is set, go to the upper left-hand corner and select Analytics.  Then select Your Pinterest Profile: The nice thing about Pinterest is that your top pins are all located in one place. Just scroll down your screen to see them all: LinkedIn LinkedIn is a lot like Pinterest, in the fact that your top post analytics are all located in one place. Go to your page and click on Manage Page: From manage page, select Analytics. In your analytics page, the first thing that surfaces is the Updates section. All of your post data is located there, including: Impressions Clicks Interactions Engagement rate To see a more detailed view, click on the post update: Google+ Finding data for your Google+ posts is possible. It just might not be obvious where you need to look (at first, at least). If you’re working with a Google+ profile, check out this detailed article from SteadyDemand, which will walk you through the process of gathering the data you need. Bonus Tip: Track Social Metrics Automatically In As a heads up, makes gathering social media data easy! With built-in Social Analytics, you can plan, publish, and measure every post in one place. Here's how it works:With Social Engagement Reports, you’ll be able to see your engagement data in one place! And we’ll categorize all your top posts for you. Recommended Reading: Know the Success Of Your Social Engagement With the Newest Analytics Report In Your *Favorite* Marketing Calendar Develop Your Post Analysis Process Once you've gathered your data and found the top posts you'll analyze, you'll need a repeatable process for uncovering social media insights. This essentially means knowing which questions to ask to figure out what caused content to perform as well as it did. Try following this graphic below: By asking each of these questions as you analyze each post, you'll start to identify patterns impacting post performance. You'll be able to record a lot of this data in the downloadable template included in this post (which we'll cover in more detail in a little bit). How  Does Voice and Tone Impact Social Media Post Performance? What you say and how you say it on social media is essential for ensuring your posts convey your messages the way you want them to be felt. So, how exactly does your choice of verbiage and emotional sentiment impact audience engagement, and how can you determine its effect on post performance? Recommended Reading: The Best Social Media Copywriting Guide to Be a Social Media Word Ninja Does Your Post Have a Positive or Negative Sentiment? Are you trying to lift up your followers or inform them of some bad news? The sentiment your message sends can affect the interactions you receive from your audience. Being able to track what types of tones they are responding to is a great way to determine what types of posts you should be sending. Here is an example of a post with a positive tone: https://twitter.com//status/877549014153138178 And here's an example that elicits more negative emotions: When #SEO and #Content go to couples therapy, things get a little ugly. Not all marriages are perfect. https://t.co/iuFNYhGrGp pic.twitter.com/xYEt9OPeIs Conductor (@Conductor) June 27, 2017   Are You Post Questions Open Or Closed Ended? Are you encouraging discussion with your social media messages or closing them off and creating a more informational style post? Often times you’ll see more engagement with open-ended questions  because it gives your audience a chance to respond back to you, instead of just acknowledging they saw the message. Here is an example of an open-ended social media post: Are you ready to run? We want to know who is participating in the Fargo Marathon this week? What events are you doing?... Posted by Hilton Garden Inn Fargo on  Wednesday, May 17, 2017 Here is an example of a more closed ended social media post: For your chance to win a FREE night stay, head over to our sister property's page and check them out! #teamRaymond #freenightstay #nationalpetday Posted by Hilton Garden Inn Fargo on  Tuesday, April 11, 2017 How Long Is Your Post Copy? Depending on the social channel you’re working with, the length of your post could affect the interaction your audience has with it. The optimal length post  will vary per channel (and could even vary by industry, or even your specific business and audience), but here is a whole list  to help you get started. Recommended Reading: How to Write for Social Media to Create the Best Posts Did Your Post Incorporate Hashtags? Hashtags can have a powerful impact on how far your posts reach. If you use hashtags on networks that don't support them well, though, they could actually negatively impact your post performance. For some networks to connect to followers, you need to have a lot of hashtags, while for other networks having any hashtags can actually cause a decrease in content views. For example, Facebook should be a hashtag free zone. Why? According to Crazy Egg, hashtags are meant to help users search out information on a subject. Facebook users control that already because they are choosing who and want they want to see in their newsfeeds. Instagram on the other hand, should be full of hashtags. Why? Because according to that same Crazy Egg post, to find and interact with content, you want to see you have to search for it. Hashtags make your content searchable. Should You Be Using Emojis? No one can say that emojis aren’t fun. These tiny little pictures are changing the way we communicate, one keyboard at a time. What channel you should be using emojis on is difficult to determine, as they can sometimes come across as unprofessional. Not to mention emojis, and their meanings are not always as black and white as they may seem. Social Media Today broke down when to use emojis and what they mean on  their blog. An example of a hashtag style emoji. there arent enough words of gratitude i can offer that even begin to explain what this world did for me #HarryPotter20 pic.twitter.com/mTXOcCBwBb Meghan Rienks (@MeghanRienks) June 26, 2017 An example of a standard use case for emojis.Into the fog ☠Ã¯ ¸ Ã°Å¸Å¡â€"☠Ã¯ ¸  A post shared by Jeff Sheldon (@ugmonk) on Jun 26, 2017 at 6:58am PDT Are You Creating Broadcast Or Discussion Posts? The final element we'll focus on are broadcast posts versus  discussion posts. Broadcast posts are posts that are designed to promote your brand or business. They usually sound more like ads and focus mainly on what you can do for your followers. As Rich Mcelaney put it in this blog post for BrassCycle: â€Å"Imagine having a conversation with someone (and we all know people like this) where you ask, â€Å"How are you?† and they launch into an in-depth explanation of every moment of their life since you last saw them. They don't take a breath. If you try to interject with a story of your own, you can see them simply waiting until you stop talking so they can continue.† Discussion posts are  specifically developed to create conversations with your followers. They create conversations that allow your followers to interject and control more of the conversation, which creates a more trustworthy atmosphere. A broadcast post will look something like this. â€Å"Without a song or a dance what are we†, think about it! Or just come to theREP to see Mamma Mia, Performances start Friday, July 7 and goes until Sunday, August 13. Get your tickets today: http://bit.ly/2qMQx4 Posted by Capital Repertory Theatre on  Monday, June 26, 2017 While a discussion post will look more like this. Introducing a new Twitter emoji celebrating the 20th anniversary of Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone! #HarryPotter20 pic.twitter.com/9fNo1R9E5J Pottermore (@pottermore) June 26, 2017 Are You Posting At The Right Time? The next section of metrics that you can focus on involves time. What time your posts go out determines how many people in your audience will see it. Obviously, there are times that certain social channels are more active. Those prime times can be found in this blog post, that has been backed by over 16 studies. It’s also important to post your social media messages on the right day. By posting at optimum days and times you’re able to maximize the views that your messages will receive. The more eyeballs you have on a post, the more likely you are to create the engagement and or link clicks you need. Recommended Reading: What 20 Studies Say About the Best Times to Post on Social Media Are Images And Video Adding Engagement To Your Social Media Messages? The next set of attributes that you’re going to want to record focuses on the different types of media that you’ll have for your posts. Visuals like videos and images are becoming a major key to successful social media posts  which was outlined by Hubspot earlier this year. Image and Video Colors The psychology of color plays a much more important role than you might think. Saying things like â€Å"red makes people angry† or â€Å"blue creates feelings of calm† are not necessarily accurate because everyone’s personal experiences are different, therefore colors will evoke different emotions in all people. However, according to SnapHelp, 90% of instant decisions  are made on color. They say that audiences are more susceptible to color based on how they think it fits a product. So the colors you choose for your social media channels can have an effect on your audience because they are looking to see if your color scheme fits your brand. For example, we’re used to seeing bright, electric colors in Disney photos and images because the park is always alive and going. People are never sad at Disney world and their color scheme fits that brand perception. Memorable Dining Experiences | Walt Disney World From holding court with royalty to good old-fashioned family gatherings, a Grand Adventure to Walt Disney World serves up memorable dining experiences for both you and your grandkids! Learn more - http://di.sn/61818l3UT Posted by Walt Disney World on Thursday, June 8, 2017 Recommended Reading: The Know-It-All Guide to Color Psychology In Marketing + The Best Hex Chart Video Subtitles This next metric focuses on video alone. With more and more videos starting automatically as people scroll through social media, a lot of people are opting to have their sound off. But if you audience member can’t hear what your video says you’re suddenly missing out on a potential customer. This is where subtitles are coming into play. According to Media Cause, about 82% of social media video views are watched without sound,  making subtitles vital. Take Tasty  for example. I’m willing to bet you’ve seen one of their recipe videos at least once. The unique thing about those videos and one of the reasons they’re so successful is because they have captions that walk you through the whole recipe. You don’t have to turn the sound on to get the message. Fidget Spinner Cookies Feeling stressed? Make these fidget spinner cookies so you can spin AND eat the stress away 😉! FULL RECIPE: http://bzfd.it/2s4juqZ Posted by Tasty on Tuesday, June 13, 2017 Video Length The second metric that is focused solely on video is the length of your videos. Channels are optimized for certain video and lengths and some will even limit how long videos can be. For example, videos on Instagram need to be under a minute. Not to mention, videos are now being viewed more often on mobile devices and according to social media today, you have less than two seconds  to grab the attention of your viewer. So the number of interactions you have per video can be traced back to how long your video is. Recommended Reading: How to Do Facebook Video Marketing the Right Way How to Get Started With Twitter Video Marketing How to Make a Video Content Marketing Strategy That Will Engage Your Audience Measure Interactions With Your Audience The final metric that you’re going to be recording on your template are interactions with your audience on your posts. Giving your audience a real response from your social team makes them feel valued because they know you saw their comments. You’re showing them that their voice matters to you. That’s why I tweet a Diet Coke all the time; they respond to me and make me feel special. And who doesn’t like being special? Recommended Reading: 30 Social Media Engagement Tactics That Will Boost Shares And Conversions You’ve Collected The Data, Now You Need A Place To Record It And Your Insights. The Social Media Insights Document that you downloaded earlier will help create the report that you can show to your bosses or your clients. Open your social media insights report and each of your social media channels: In the process that we demonstrated earlier, find your top post and take a screenshot to insert into your report: From there record the likes, comments, shares (if applicable), reach and engagement that your post received: Then you can record the language  insights we touched on earlier including, tone, post length, the number of hashtags, and emoji use: The last section of numerical data that you’re going to record in your post is on times your post went out and media types that you used: The final part of your chart is a summary section. This is the space where you’ll be able to layout in two to three sentences what all that numerical data means to you clients or bosses. For example, in this post, we can conclude that because the post when out at 11 am on a Monday and had a personal note in its tone, it caused people to click on the link at least 16 times: You’re going to repeat the same process for top three posts on every channel as well as the lowest engagement post. The reason you should include your lowest performing post is that you don’t want to make your boss or client think that everything is perfect. By showing the posts that need some work you’re able to determine what needs improvement and continue to grow your strategy. Recommended Reading: How to Create a Social Media Strategy (With 3 Steps And a Template) Let’s Wrap This Up With all the knowledge you have now, you’ll be able to take the numerical data you’ve gathered and make it digestible for your clients and your boss. Not to mention you’ll learn how to adjust your social media strategy based on the conclusions you reach.

History of Nursing Higher Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History of Nursing Higher Education - Essay Example Distance education has made it possible for those who wish to go into the nursing field to acquire their degrees-at least partially-and to attend classes in their field from home or from wherever there is an Internet connection. Nursing students do not need to live in the same area as the school in order to attend, which is definitely a huge change from traditional nursing education. The infusion of technology that has accompanied distance education has also brought other benefits to nursing education. Nursing students now have better equipment to practice on, such as more advanced patient simulators and patient care devices, and better resources from which to obtain knowledge, such as the Internet and vast online libraries. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2008, pg. 2), "Technological advances are increasing opportunities to improve dramatically the quality of and access to nursing education. Further, technology affords increased collaboration among nursing faculties in teaching, practice, and research. Careful use of technology in education may well enhance the profession's ability to educate nurses for practice, prepare future nurse educators, and advance nursing science in an era when the number of professional nurses, qualified nurse faculty and nurse researchers is well below national need. To take full advantage of technology in education, several factors need to be addressed by nursing and other leaders in education and health care institutions, as well as by external funders and policy makers." Distance education has also made it possible for people from all over the world to become nurses that might not have been able to otherwise. This means that it necessarily increases the multicultural aspects of the field. It opens the doors of opportunity into the field for those who want to become nurses, but may not have the time to study at a traditional institution. Many distance learners are working adults who are very concerned with aspects such as time management when it comes to advancing their careers (White, 2003). Nursing Shortage According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2008): The United States is in the midst of a nursing shortage that is expected to intensify as baby boomers age and the need for health care grows. Compounding the problem is the fact that nursing colleges and universities across the country are struggling to expand enrollment levels to meet the rising demand for nursing care. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) is concerned about the shortage of Registered Nurses (RNs) and is working with schools, policy makers, kindred organizations, and the media to bring attention to this health care crisis. AACN is working to enact legislation, identify strategies, and form collaborations to address the nursing shortage. A nursing shortage means that there is a serious need for recruitment into nursing schools. This can be challenging with biological scares such as MRSA, which will be discussed in the subsequent section of this assignment (Goold, 2006). MRSA According to Replidyne (2008, pg. 1), "Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a type of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to certain

Business Management Tasks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business Management Tasks - Essay Example This discussion highlights that  at the top of the structure is the CEO/President who oversees all the operations of the company he is at the top of the pyramid in decision making process. Company’s departments are categorized into either support or operations. Support include: human resources, finance, marketing, and property. Operation includes the other parts of the business.   At Pizza Hut every division plays a different function making it easier for the CEO to determine whether or not the divisions are performing as per required. This is a kind of structure that encourages specialization as each division consists of employees who have the required skills, experience, and character that are required for the function that the division serves.As the report stresses  the company is divided into departments each headed by a director. Every department has a specific function that is expected to perform a specific function the departments that are present in Pizza Hut are : marketing, human resource management, public relations, procurement, operations. This kind of organizational structure can be referred to as composite organizational structure because it is a blend of a hierarchical organizational structure and divisional organization structure. Despite the fact that the organization has various departments performing different functions there are divisions within the department with the leader of each subdivision reporting to the head of department.

Unethical Drug Marketing in the Pharmaceutical Industry Research Paper

Unethical Drug Marketing in the Pharmaceutical Industry - Research Paper Example ned the motives of Big Pharma as they market drugs without adequate regard to the effects that such marketing practices have on the patients and consumers. In their pathological pursuit of profits, drug companies have indeed thrown caution to the winds and have sacrificed ethics at the altar of profits. This paper examines the unethical drug marketing strategies used by Big Pharma by analyzing them from the perspective of utilitarianism and deontology. The emphasis in this paper is on finding out if the drug marketing strategies are justified according to the philosophical theories discussed and whether they satisfy the minimum requirements for ethical behavior. Note that there is no special emphasis on whether these strategies are completely overboard. Instead, the analysis is around whether they meet the basic criterion for ethical behavior and good conduct. The five tactics used by drug companies to market their products can be categorized according to the potential for harm that they cause to patients. This categorization would yield that the following is the order (from the least harmful to the most harmful): physicians targeted promotion, DTCDA, unethical recruitment of physicians, researchers’ conflicts of interests, and data manipulation in clinical trials (Chiu, 2005). Considering the fact that the intended beneficiaries of these strategies who are the patients stand to suffer the most because of these tactics, it is worth asking whether the drug companies have the interests of the shareholders alone in mind when they resort to these practices. The fact that they favor the interests of the few (shareholders) at the expense of the many (the patients) clearly indicates that their marketing strategies are not conscionable from either a utilitarian or deontological point of view. This would be discussed in detail in the succee ding paragraphs. Suffice to say that drug companies are indeed crossing the line as far as ethics and unethical behavior is concerned

Analysing Public Art and Geography

Analysing Public Art and Geography How can public art challenge the gendered nature of space? The world is getting more and more visual, and increasingly meanings are communicated through visuals (Rose, 2001). It is the aim of this research proposal to outline the final year project that is going to focus on interdisciplinary themes of space, art and gender. It will demonstrate how human geography engages with visual art, and how the research linking the two has expanded over the past few decades. It will show the issues that one may be presented with when researching art. An explanation will be given of how gender and body are viewed in geography. Geography and visual art Geography is recognised as a very visual discipline (Driver, 2003; Tolia-Kelly, 2012), that extensively engages with our vision (Roberts, 2012), and geographers have long been using various types of visual imagery and objects in their work (Garrett, 2011; Rose, 2003). Over the past decades, namely since the cultural turn, there has been greater interest in potential links between visual arts and geography (Rose, 2001). During this time the field of research has expanded from looking at landscape paintings from earlier centuries, to analysing broader spectrum of artistic mediums, both digital and analogue (Hawkins, 2012). It is understood that everyday images and objects that we see are not meaningless and static things, but are imbued with meanings that affect our behaviour and interaction with the world (Hall, 1997). Art in public space The term ‘art’ itself is an extremely broad concept, and there are many sub-disciplines in art that can be used to narrow down the research. This particular research is going to be focused on art in urban space. Nowadays many urban spaces are rich with artworks which are done in various mediums, and by utilising various methods. Arguably the traditional form of art in public space is public art. Public art commonly is defined as â€Å"either permanent or temporary artworks, including social and contextual art practices which are commissioned for openly accessible locations, that is, outside conventional settings such as museums and galleries (Zebracki, 2013:303).† An artwork may have an intended meaning, a set of ideas or ideals that its author wants the world to receive, and a meaning that is created by the audience upon its consumption (Baldwin et al., 1999). What makes it hard to predict how public art will be consumed, are the diverse publics or audiences that encounter it. A piece of art may be aimed at general public, but when different social groups read it , the diversity of meanings that it actually produces have to be taken into account. Therefore, in this sense the study of public art becomes a study of â€Å"the reception of art by [its] publics (Miles, 1997:85).† Geography, body and gender Geographers see body as a space. Many quote Rich when he talks about the body as â€Å"the geography closest in (1986:212).† It is the border between the inner world and the outer world. It is a space that is sexed and gendered, where sex is a biological product and gender a social one (Valentine, 2001). However, more recent academic work blurs the lines between the two, arguing that there is evidence of cases where bodies do not abide by the traditional views of sex and gender (Cream, 1995), and that both should be considered as social (Valentine, 2001). In social research gender is understood as â€Å"social, psychological or cultural differences between men and women (Knox and Pinch, 2010:235).† Historically geographers have viewed differences in gender roles as socially constructed (Castree et al., 2013). Therefore, characteristics that constitute what it means to be masculine or feminine are subject to change in space, place and time. More recently academics such as Judith Butler (1990) have challenged this view, and suggest that gender is a performance, rather than what one is. She argues that gender is performed through ritualistic repetition. From this viewpoint, which some call as post‑structuralist (Jagger, 2008), gender is â€Å"sustained through acts, gestures, mannerisms, fashion, and lifestyle (Castree et al., 2013:172).† Identities, roles and spatial relations between males and females in geography have often been analysed utilising feminist viewpoint. Predominant argument of feminist philosophy is that women in many areas of life are still unfairly treated as being in a subordinate position to men, and that the Western society remains largely patriarchal (Knox and Pinch, 2010). New Genre Public Art, Body and Gender Massey (1994) describes how large public spaces are reserved for males, and how often artworks depicting bodies of women are produced by men contributing to the male gaze, which extends outside the walls of galleries and museums (Miles, 1997). This prevalent masculine worldview is challenged by activism that is empowered by forms of new genre public art (Lacy, 1995). If we are to consider the relationship between public art and gender, the historical divorce that has existed between body and city, where most public artworks are found, should be kept in mind. Undesirable body processes are expelled from the city, and the civilised body is expected to contain them (Miles, 1997). This idea comes from the Cartesian view that body should be subject to mind (Longhurst, 1997). In Western culture body has become associated with negative traits, emotions and femininity, and mind with rationality, knowledge and masculinity (Valentine, 2001). Furthermore, it is somehow seen that men transcend the body, for whom it is merely a container of their mind, and that women are more affected by their â€Å"fleshy† (Longhurst, 1997:491) instincts and therefore their bodies. Moreover, this view has had an influence on social sciences. Rose (1993) argues that white males tend to other difference, and that this has shaped how geography has been studied over the years. It was only in the latter part of the 20th century that academics started to critically look at how mind has been given privilege over the body in geography (Longhurst, 1997), and it was recognised that in fact everyone is affected by their embodiment (Rose, 1997). Body is the tool through which masculinity or femininity is acted out (Puwar, 2004). As performativity suggests, these materialise through the act of doing. It is therefore the aim of this research to analyse how public art captures these performances, and how it communicates and constructs gender in the eyes of its publics. Case study Butler’s work is often linked with gender and performativity, but it is rarely used when public art is studied. This research will try to expand the body of work on new genre public art considering gender politics. It will take into the account the latest research on gender and performativity, and will analyse how perceived gender roles are read through performances and acts that are captured in public artworks. Greater Manchester has been chosen as the site for the research, with public artworks that range from sculptures depicting historic figures from Britain’s imperial past, such as, Queen Victoria, to contemporary street art that seeks to challenge the status quo, such as found in Northern Quarter. Conclusion This research proposal outlined the final year project that will analyse public art and gender by looking at performances that are captured in artworks. It demonstrated how body and gender are understood in geography. It showed how body is an agent through which gender is acted out, and how body as an artistic subject captures these performances. Art has been an important part of geographical work and research in the past, and as the visual imagery and objects become more important in the modern society, more and more meanings are conveyed through visuals. This research will explore what meanings public art conveys about gender roles, and how these meanings are read by artworks’ publics. The main aim of this research is: to analyse the way public art can challenge the gendered nature of space. The objectives to achieve this are: to explore the way that Tankpetrol aims to disrupt traditional genderings of public space; to analyse the meanings encoded in the artwork of Tankpetrol; to analyse the consumption of Tankpetrol’s artwork and how it impacts on people’s ideas of gendering public space. References Baldwin, E., Longhurst, B., McCracken, S., Ogborn, M. and Smith, G. (1999) Introducing Cultural Studies. Athens: University of Georgia Press. Butler, J. (1990) Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. London: Routledge. Castree, N., Kitchin, R. and Rogers, A. (Eds.). (2013). A Dictionary of Human Geography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Cream, J. (1995) ‘Re-solving riddles: the sexed body.’ In Bell, D. and Valentine, G. (eds.) Mapping Desire: Geographies of Sexualities. London: Routledge, Driver, F. (2003) ‘On Geography as a Visual Discipline.’ Antipode, 35(2) pp. 227–231. Garrett, B. L. (2011) ‘Videographic geographies: Using digital video for geographic research.’ Progress in Human Geography, 35(4) pp. 521–541. Hall, S. (1997) ‘Introduction.’ In Hall, S. (ed.) Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. London: SAGE, pp. 1–12. Hawkins, H. (2012) ‘Geography and art. An expanding field: Site, the body and practice.’ Progress in Human Geography, 37(1) pp. 52–71. Jagger, G. (2008) Judith Butler: Sexual Politics, Social Change and the Power of the Performative. London: Routledge. Knox, P. and Pinch, S. (2010) Urban Social Geography: An Introduction. 6th ed., London: Pearson. Longhurst, R. (1997) ‘(Dis)embodied geographies.’ Progress in Human Geography, 21(4) pp. 486–501. Miles, M. (1997) Art, Space and the City: Public Art and Urban Futures. London: Routledge. Puwar, N. (2004) Space Invaders: Race, Gender and Bodies Out of Place. Oxford: Berg. Rich, A. (1986) The Politics of Location, in Blood, Bread and Poetry: Selected Prose 1979–1985. London: Norton Co. Roberts, E. (2012) ‘Geography and the visual image: A hauntological approach.’ Progress in Human Geography, 37(3) pp. 386–402. Rose, G. (1993) Feminism and Geography: The Limits of Geographical Knowledge. Cambridge: Polity Press. Rose, G. (1997) ‘Situating Knowledges: positionality, reflexivities and other tactics.’ Progress in Human Geography, 21(3) pp. 305–320. Rose, G. (2001) Visual Methodologies: An Introduction to Researching With Visual Materials. London: SAGE. Rose, G. (2003) ‘On the Need to Ask How, Exactly, Is Geography â€Å"Visual†?’ Antipode, 35(2) pp. 212–221. Tolia-Kelly, D. P. (2012) ‘The Geographies of Cultural Geography II: Visual Culture.’ Progress in Human Geography, 36(1) pp. 135–142. Valentine, G. (2001) Social Geographies: Space and Society. London: Pearson. Zebracki, M. (2013) ‘Beyond public artopia: public art as perceived by its publics.’ GeoJournal, 78(2) pp. 303–317. LINARDS DAVIDANS

Cultural Conservation :: essays research papers

One problem with cultural conservation: To put it simply, and its not a problems that only conservatives very often confuse (or conflate ethics and aesthetics. When Gertrude Himmererfarf lambastes out (as she perceives it) 'amoral, 'sexually deviant' and 'polymorpously perverse' culture she is primarily responding to something that she finds culturally foreign and aesthetically threatening. I agree with her that values are oftentimes a good thing, but only when they are born of an ethical and pragmatic perspective, not an aesthetic one. The conservatives want a seemingly neat and compartment society wherein stable appearances are maintained and archaic cultural archetypes are adhered to religiously. I grew up in a world of cultural archetypes. I grew up with white businessmen going to office buildings while their wives stayed at home and their kids went to school. or , more accurately, I grew up with alcoholic, adulterous business men who lives culturally insular lives while their wives took sedatives and smoked cigarettes and vented their frustrations on there kids, and these same kids took reams of drugs, got abortions, drove drunk, and victimized the weaklings. I grew up in what most conservatives would consider a utopia; lots of money, prestige, cultural cohesion, and good conservative values. But their values were in fact aesthetics, and maintaining these aesthetics ruled and ruined their lives. Almost everyone in this suburban bourgeoisie system hated their lives, but because they had been brought up to worship aesthetic myths they felt that to question them was an admission of personal failure. What are these myths? they're old and platitudinal but I'll trot on them again: that's money makes you happy, that society is right and that poverty is bad, that maintaining convention in every aspect of your life is the ultimate good, that aberrance from these ideas is sin. ect. I'm not going to say that the polar opposites of the clichà ©s is true, that would be one of the failings of the radical left. I believe that for the most part these criteria are irrelevant. Money can make life easier, but it also can make life miserable. Poverty can be bad but it can also be fine. Convention has some good points and some bad points. What it all comes down to is flexibility that should allow for the well being of the individual without compromising the rights of other individuals. When conservatives trot out their litany of evils-homosexuality, single parent families, multiculturalism, ect. I'm always asking 'why?'. If people are happy being gay then whets wrong with that? it may be a lifestyle that's aesthetically different from what